Mr. Arnaud Lagardère has been General Partner and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Lagardère since 2003. He has been Managing Partner of Lagardère since 1998, being appointed CEO of both Lagardère Media and Lagardère Active in 1999. Previously he was CEO of Grolier Inc. in the United States, Head of emerging activities and electronic media for Matra and Vice President of the Supervisory Board of Arjil bank. He began his career in 1986 as General Manager of MMB, the holding company of Hachette and Europe 1. Mr Lagardère graduated in economics from the University of Paris Dauphine.